/*
 *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 *  distributed with this work for additional information
 *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 *  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 *  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 *  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 *  specific language governing permissions and limitations
 *  under the License.
 * 
 */
package org.apache.directory.api.ldap.schema.loader;


import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.directory.api.asn1.util.Oid;
import org.apache.directory.api.i18n.I18n;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.constants.MetaSchemaConstants;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.constants.SchemaConstants;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.entry.Attribute;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.entry.BinaryValue;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.entry.DefaultAttribute;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.entry.Entry;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.entry.Value;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapException;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapSchemaException;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapUnwillingToPerformException;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.message.ResultCodeEnum;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.AttributeType;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.LdapComparator;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.LdapSyntax;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.LoadableSchemaObject;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.MatchingRule;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.MutableAttributeType;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.MutableMatchingRule;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.MutableObjectClass;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.Normalizer;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.ObjectClass;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.ObjectClassTypeEnum;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.SchemaManager;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.SchemaObject;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.SyntaxChecker;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.SyntaxChecker.SCBuilder;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.UsageEnum;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.parsers.LdapComparatorDescription;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.parsers.NormalizerDescription;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.parsers.SyntaxCheckerDescription;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.registries.DefaultSchema;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.registries.Registries;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.registries.Schema;
import org.apache.directory.api.util.Base64;
import org.apache.directory.api.util.StringConstants;
import org.apache.directory.api.util.Strings;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


/**
 * Showing how it's done ...
 *
 * @author <a href="mailto:dev@directory.apache.org">Apache Directory Project</a>
 */
public class SchemaEntityFactory implements EntityFactory
{
    /** Slf4j logger */
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger( SchemaEntityFactory.class );

    /** The empty string list. */
    private static final List<String> EMPTY_LIST = new ArrayList<>();

    /** The empty string array. */
    private static final String[] EMPTY_ARRAY = new String[]
        {};

    /** A special ClassLoader that loads a class from the bytecode attribute */
    private final AttributeClassLoader classLoader;


    /**
     * Instantiates a new schema entity factory.
     */
    public SchemaEntityFactory()
    {
        this.classLoader = AccessController.doPrivileged( new PrivilegedAction<AttributeClassLoader>()
        {
            @Override
            public AttributeClassLoader run() 
            {
                return new AttributeClassLoader();
            }
        } );
    }


    /**
     * Get an OID from an entry. Handles the bad cases (null OID,
     * not a valid OID, ...)
     */
    private String getOid( Entry entry, String objectType, boolean strict ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException
    {
        // The OID
        Attribute mOid = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_OID_AT );

        if ( mOid == null )
        {
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10005, objectType, MetaSchemaConstants.M_OID_AT );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( msg );
        }

        String oid = mOid.getString();

        if ( strict && !Oid.isOid( oid ) )
        {
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10006, oid );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapInvalidAttributeValueException( ResultCodeEnum.INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_SYNTAX, msg );
        }

        return oid;
    }


    /**
     * Get an OID from an entry. Handles the bad cases (null OID,
     * not a valid OID, ...)
     */
    private String getOid( SchemaObject description, String objectType ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException
    {
        // The OID
        String oid = description.getOid();

        if ( oid == null )
        {
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10005, objectType, MetaSchemaConstants.M_OID_AT );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( msg );
        }

        if ( !Oid.isOid( oid ) )
        {
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10006, oid );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapInvalidAttributeValueException( ResultCodeEnum.INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_SYNTAX, msg );
        }

        return oid;
    }


    /**
     * Check that the Entry is not null
     */
    private void checkEntry( Entry entry, String schemaEntity )
    {
        if ( entry == null )
        {
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10007, schemaEntity );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( msg );
        }
    }


    /**
     * Check that the Description is not null
     */
    private void checkDescription( SchemaObject description, String schemaEntity )
    {
        if ( description == null )
        {
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10008, schemaEntity );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( msg );
        }
    }


    /**
     * Get the schema from its name. Return the Other reference if there
     * is no schema name. Throws a NPE if the schema is not loaded.
     */
    private Schema getSchema( String schemaName, Registries registries )
    {
        if ( Strings.isEmpty( schemaName ) )
        {
            schemaName = MetaSchemaConstants.SCHEMA_OTHER;
        }

        Schema schema = registries.getLoadedSchema( schemaName );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10009, schemaName );
            LOG.error( msg );
        }

        return schema;
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public Schema getSchema( Entry entry ) throws LdapException
    {
        String name;
        String owner;
        String[] dependencies = EMPTY_ARRAY;
        boolean isDisabled = false;

        if ( entry == null )
        {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10010 ) );
        }

        if ( entry.get( SchemaConstants.CN_AT ) == null )
        {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10011 ) );
        }

        name = entry.get( SchemaConstants.CN_AT ).getString();

        if ( entry.get( SchemaConstants.CREATORS_NAME_AT ) == null )
        {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10012, SchemaConstants.CREATORS_NAME_AT ) );
        }

        owner = entry.get( SchemaConstants.CREATORS_NAME_AT ).getString();

        if ( entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_DISABLED_AT ) != null )
        {
            String value = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_DISABLED_AT ).getString();
            value = Strings.upperCase( value );
            isDisabled = "TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase( value );
        }

        if ( entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_DEPENDENCIES_AT ) != null )
        {
            Set<String> depsSet = new HashSet<>();
            Attribute depsAttr = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_DEPENDENCIES_AT );

            for ( Value<?> value : depsAttr )
            {
                depsSet.add( value.getString() );
            }

            dependencies = depsSet.toArray( EMPTY_ARRAY );
        }

        return new DefaultSchema( null, name, owner, dependencies, isDisabled );
    }


    /**
     * Class load a syntaxChecker instance
     */
    private SyntaxChecker classLoadSyntaxChecker( SchemaManager schemaManager, String oid, String className,
        Attribute byteCode ) throws LdapException
    {
        // Try to class load the syntaxChecker
        Class<?> clazz;
        SyntaxChecker syntaxChecker;
        String byteCodeStr = StringConstants.EMPTY;

        if ( byteCode == null )
        {
            try
            {
                clazz = Class.forName( className );
            }
            catch ( ClassNotFoundException cnfe )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot find the syntax checker class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot find the syntax checker class " + cnfe.getMessage() );
            }
        }
        else
        {
            classLoader.setAttribute( byteCode );
            
            try
            {
                clazz = classLoader.loadClass( className );
            }
            catch ( ClassNotFoundException cnfe )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot load the syntax checker class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot load the syntax checker class " + cnfe.getMessage() );
            }
            
                
            byteCodeStr = new String( Base64.encode( byteCode.getBytes() ) );
        }

        // Create the syntaxChecker instance
        try
        {
            Method builder = clazz.getMethod( "builder", null );
            syntaxChecker = ( SyntaxChecker ) ( ( SCBuilder ) builder.invoke( null, null ) ).setOid( oid ).build();
        }
        catch ( NoSuchMethodException nsme )
        {
            LOG.error( "Cannot instantiate the syntax checker class constructor for class {}", className );
            throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot instantiate the syntax checker class " + nsme.getMessage() );
        }
        catch ( InvocationTargetException ite )
        {
            LOG.error( "Cannot instantiate the syntax checker class constructor for class {}", className );
            throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot instantiate the syntax checker class " + ite.getMessage() );
        }
        catch ( IllegalAccessException iae )
        {
            LOG.error( "Cannot access the syntax checker class constructor for class {}", className );
            throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot access the syntax checker class constructor " + iae.getMessage() );
        }

        // Update the common fields
        syntaxChecker.setBytecode( byteCodeStr );
        syntaxChecker.setFqcn( className );

        // Inject the SchemaManager for the comparator who needs it
        syntaxChecker.setSchemaManager( schemaManager );

        return syntaxChecker;
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public SyntaxChecker getSyntaxChecker( SchemaManager schemaManager, Entry entry, Registries targetRegistries,
        String schemaName ) throws LdapException
    {
        checkEntry( entry, SchemaConstants.SYNTAX_CHECKER );

        // The SyntaxChecker OID
        String oid = getOid( entry, SchemaConstants.SYNTAX_CHECKER, schemaManager.isStrict() );

        // Get the schema
        if ( !schemaManager.isSchemaLoaded( schemaName ) )
        {
            // The schema is not loaded. We can't create the requested Normalizer
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10013, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg );
        }

        Schema schema = getSchema( schemaName, targetRegistries );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            // The schema is disabled. We still have to update the backend
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10014, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.info( msg );
            schema = schemaManager.getLoadedSchema( schemaName );
        }

        // The FQCN
        String className = getFqcn( entry, SchemaConstants.SYNTAX_CHECKER );

        // The ByteCode
        Attribute byteCode = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_BYTECODE_AT );

        try
        {
            // Class load the syntaxChecker
            SyntaxChecker syntaxChecker = classLoadSyntaxChecker( schemaManager, oid, className, byteCode );

            // Update the common fields
            setSchemaObjectProperties( syntaxChecker, entry, schema );

            // return the resulting syntaxChecker
            return syntaxChecker;
        }
        catch ( Exception e )
        {
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, e.getMessage(), e );
        }
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public SyntaxChecker getSyntaxChecker( SchemaManager schemaManager,
        SyntaxCheckerDescription syntaxCheckerDescription, Registries targetRegistries, String schemaName )
        throws LdapException
    {
        checkDescription( syntaxCheckerDescription, SchemaConstants.SYNTAX_CHECKER );

        // The Comparator OID
        String oid = getOid( syntaxCheckerDescription, SchemaConstants.SYNTAX_CHECKER );

        // Get the schema
        Schema schema = getSchema( schemaName, targetRegistries );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            // The schema is not loaded. We can't create the requested SyntaxChecker
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10013, syntaxCheckerDescription.getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg );
        }

        // The FQCN
        String fqcn = getFqcn( syntaxCheckerDescription, SchemaConstants.SYNTAX_CHECKER );

        // get the byteCode
        Attribute byteCode = getByteCode( syntaxCheckerDescription, SchemaConstants.SYNTAX_CHECKER );

        // Class load the SyntaxChecker
        SyntaxChecker syntaxChecker = classLoadSyntaxChecker( schemaManager, oid, fqcn, byteCode );

        // Update the common fields
        setSchemaObjectProperties( syntaxChecker, syntaxCheckerDescription, schema );

        return syntaxChecker;
    }


    /**
     * Class load a comparator instances
     */
    private LdapComparator<?> classLoadComparator( SchemaManager schemaManager, String oid, String className,
        Attribute byteCode ) throws LdapException
    {
        // Try to class load the comparator
        LdapComparator<?> comparator;
        Class<?> clazz;
        String byteCodeStr = StringConstants.EMPTY;

        if ( byteCode == null )
        {
            try
            {
                clazz = Class.forName( className );
            }
            catch ( ClassNotFoundException cnfe )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot find the comparator class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot find the comparator class " + cnfe.getMessage() );
            }
        }
        else
        {
            classLoader.setAttribute( byteCode );
            
            try
            {
                clazz = classLoader.loadClass( className );
            }
            catch ( ClassNotFoundException cnfe )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot load the comparator class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot load the comparator class " + cnfe.getMessage() );
            }

            byteCodeStr = new String( Base64.encode( byteCode.getBytes() ) );
        }

        // Create the comparator instance. Either we have a no argument constructor,
        // or we have one which takes an OID. Lets try the one with an OID argument first
        try
        {
            Constructor<?> constructor = clazz.getConstructor( new Class[]
                { String.class } );
            
            try
            {
                comparator = ( LdapComparator<?> ) constructor.newInstance( new Object[]
                    { oid } );
            }
            catch ( InvocationTargetException ite )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot invoke the comparator class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot invoke the comparator class " + ite.getMessage() );
            }
            catch ( InstantiationException ie )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot instanciate the comparator class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot instanciate the comparator class " + ie.getMessage() );
            }
            catch ( IllegalAccessException ie )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot access the comparator class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot access the comparator class " + ie.getMessage() );
            }
        }
        catch ( NoSuchMethodException nsme )
        {
            // Ok, let's try with the constructor without argument.
            // In this case, we will have to check that the OID is the same than
            // the one we got in the Comparator entry
            try
            {
                clazz.getConstructor();
            }
            catch ( NoSuchMethodException nsme2 )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot find the comparator class constructor method for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot find the comparator class constructor method" + nsme2.getMessage() );
            }
            
            try
            { 
                comparator = ( LdapComparator<?> ) clazz.newInstance();
            }
            catch ( InstantiationException ie )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot instantiate the comparator class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot instantiate the comparator class " + ie.getMessage() );
            }
            catch ( IllegalAccessException iae )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot access the comparator class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot access the comparator class constructor " + iae.getMessage() );
            }

            if ( !comparator.getOid().equals( oid ) )
            {
                String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10015, oid, comparator.getOid() );
                throw new LdapInvalidAttributeValueException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg, nsme );
            }
        }

        // Update the loadable fields
        comparator.setBytecode( byteCodeStr );
        comparator.setFqcn( className );

        // Inject the SchemaManager for the comparator who needs it
        comparator.setSchemaManager( schemaManager );

        return comparator;
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public LdapComparator<?> getLdapComparator( SchemaManager schemaManager,
        LdapComparatorDescription comparatorDescription, Registries targetRegistries, String schemaName )
        throws LdapException
    {
        checkDescription( comparatorDescription, SchemaConstants.COMPARATOR );

        // The Comparator OID
        String oid = getOid( comparatorDescription, SchemaConstants.COMPARATOR );

        // Get the schema
        Schema schema = getSchema( schemaName, targetRegistries );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            // The schema is not loaded. We can't create the requested Comparator
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10016, comparatorDescription.getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg );
        }

        // The FQCN
        String fqcn = getFqcn( comparatorDescription, SchemaConstants.COMPARATOR );

        // get the byteCode
        Attribute byteCode = getByteCode( comparatorDescription, SchemaConstants.COMPARATOR );

        // Class load the comparator
        LdapComparator<?> comparator = classLoadComparator( schemaManager, oid, fqcn, byteCode );

        // Update the common fields
        setSchemaObjectProperties( comparator, comparatorDescription, schema );

        return comparator;
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public LdapComparator<?> getLdapComparator( SchemaManager schemaManager, Entry entry, Registries targetRegistries,
        String schemaName ) throws LdapException
    {
        checkEntry( entry, SchemaConstants.COMPARATOR );

        // The Comparator OID
        String oid = getOid( entry, SchemaConstants.COMPARATOR, schemaManager.isStrict() );

        // Get the schema
        if ( !schemaManager.isSchemaLoaded( schemaName ) )
        {
            // The schema is not loaded. We can't create the requested Comparator
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10016, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg );
        }

        Schema schema = getSchema( schemaName, targetRegistries );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            // The schema is disabled. We still have to update the backend
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10017, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.info( msg );
            schema = schemaManager.getLoadedSchema( schemaName );
        }

        // The FQCN
        String fqcn = getFqcn( entry, SchemaConstants.COMPARATOR );

        // The ByteCode
        Attribute byteCode = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_BYTECODE_AT );

        try
        {
            // Class load the comparator
            LdapComparator<?> comparator = classLoadComparator( schemaManager, oid, fqcn, byteCode );

            // Update the common fields
            setSchemaObjectProperties( comparator, entry, schema );

            // return the resulting comparator
            return comparator;
        }
        catch ( Exception e )
        {
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, e.getMessage(), e );
        }
    }


    /**
     * Class load a normalizer instances
     */
    private Normalizer classLoadNormalizer( SchemaManager schemaManager, String oid, String className,
        Attribute byteCode ) throws LdapException
    {
        // Try to class load the normalizer
        Class<?> clazz;
        Normalizer normalizer;
        String byteCodeStr = StringConstants.EMPTY;

        if ( byteCode == null )
        {
            try
            {  
                clazz = Class.forName( className );
            }
            catch ( ClassNotFoundException cnfe )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot find the normalizer class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot find the normalizer class " + cnfe.getMessage() );
            }
        }
        else
        {
            classLoader.setAttribute( byteCode );
            
            try
            {
                clazz = classLoader.loadClass( className );
            }
            catch ( ClassNotFoundException cnfe )
            {
                LOG.error( "Cannot load the normalizer class constructor for class {}", className );
                throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot load the normalizer class " + cnfe.getMessage() );
            }

            byteCodeStr = new String( Base64.encode( byteCode.getBytes() ) );
        }

        // Create the normalizer instance
        try
        { 
            normalizer = ( Normalizer ) clazz.newInstance();
        }
        catch ( InstantiationException ie )
        {
            LOG.error( "Cannot instantiate the normalizer class constructor for class {}", className );
            throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot instantiate the normalizer class " + ie.getMessage() );
        }
        catch ( IllegalAccessException iae )
        {
            LOG.error( "Cannot access the normalizer class constructor for class {}", className );
            throw new LdapSchemaException( "Cannot access the normalizer class constructor " + iae.getMessage() );
        }

        // Update the common fields
        normalizer.setBytecode( byteCodeStr );
        normalizer.setFqcn( className );

        // Inject the new OID, as the loaded normalizer might have its own
        normalizer.setOid( oid );

        // Inject the SchemaManager for the normalizer who needs it
        normalizer.setSchemaManager( schemaManager );

        return normalizer;
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public Normalizer getNormalizer( SchemaManager schemaManager, NormalizerDescription normalizerDescription,
        Registries targetRegistries, String schemaName ) throws LdapException
    {
        checkDescription( normalizerDescription, SchemaConstants.NORMALIZER );

        // The Comparator OID
        String oid = getOid( normalizerDescription, SchemaConstants.NORMALIZER );

        // Get the schema
        Schema schema = getSchema( schemaName, targetRegistries );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            // The schema is not loaded. We can't create the requested Normalizer
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10018, normalizerDescription.getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg );
        }

        // The FQCN
        String fqcn = getFqcn( normalizerDescription, SchemaConstants.NORMALIZER );

        // get the byteCode
        Attribute byteCode = getByteCode( normalizerDescription, SchemaConstants.NORMALIZER );

        // Class load the normalizer
        Normalizer normalizer = classLoadNormalizer( schemaManager, oid, fqcn, byteCode );

        // Update the common fields
        setSchemaObjectProperties( normalizer, normalizerDescription, schema );

        return normalizer;
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public Normalizer getNormalizer( SchemaManager schemaManager, Entry entry, Registries targetRegistries,
        String schemaName ) throws LdapException
    {
        checkEntry( entry, SchemaConstants.NORMALIZER );

        // The Normalizer OID
        String oid = getOid( entry, SchemaConstants.NORMALIZER, schemaManager.isStrict() );

        // Get the schema
        if ( !schemaManager.isSchemaLoaded( schemaName ) )
        {
            // The schema is not loaded. We can't create the requested Normalizer
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10018, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg );
        }

        Schema schema = getSchema( schemaName, targetRegistries );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            // The schema is disabled. We still have to update the backend
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10019, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.info( msg );
            schema = schemaManager.getLoadedSchema( schemaName );
        }

        // The FQCN
        String className = getFqcn( entry, SchemaConstants.NORMALIZER );

        // The ByteCode
        Attribute byteCode = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_BYTECODE_AT );

        try
        {
            // Class load the Normalizer
            Normalizer normalizer = classLoadNormalizer( schemaManager, oid, className, byteCode );

            // Update the common fields
            setSchemaObjectProperties( normalizer, entry, schema );

            // return the resulting Normalizer
            return normalizer;
        }
        catch ( Exception e )
        {
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, e.getMessage(), e );
        }
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException If the Syntax does not exist
     * @throws LdapUnwillingToPerformException If the schema is not loaded
     */
    @Override
    public LdapSyntax getSyntax( SchemaManager schemaManager, Entry entry, Registries targetRegistries,
        String schemaName ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException, LdapUnwillingToPerformException
    {
        checkEntry( entry, SchemaConstants.SYNTAX );

        // The Syntax OID
        String oid = getOid( entry, SchemaConstants.SYNTAX, schemaManager.isStrict() );

        // Get the schema
        if ( !schemaManager.isSchemaLoaded( schemaName ) )
        {
            // The schema is not loaded. We can't create the requested Syntax
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10020, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg );
        }

        Schema schema = getSchema( schemaName, targetRegistries );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            // The schema is disabled. We still have to update the backend
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10021, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.info( msg );
            schema = schemaManager.getLoadedSchema( schemaName );
        }

        // Create the new LdapSyntax instance
        LdapSyntax syntax = new LdapSyntax( oid );

        // Common properties
        setSchemaObjectProperties( syntax, entry, schema );

        return syntax;
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException If the MatchingRule does not exist
     * @throws LdapUnwillingToPerformException If the schema is not loaded
     */
    @Override
    public MatchingRule getMatchingRule( SchemaManager schemaManager, Entry entry, Registries targetRegistries,
        String schemaName ) throws LdapUnwillingToPerformException, LdapInvalidAttributeValueException
    {
        checkEntry( entry, SchemaConstants.MATCHING_RULE );

        // The MatchingRule OID
        String oid = getOid( entry, SchemaConstants.MATCHING_RULE, schemaManager.isStrict() );

        // Get the schema
        if ( !schemaManager.isSchemaLoaded( schemaName ) )
        {
            // The schema is not loaded. We can't create the requested MatchingRule
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10022, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg );
        }

        Schema schema = getSchema( schemaName, targetRegistries );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            // The schema is disabled. We still have to update the backend
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10023, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.info( msg );
            schema = schemaManager.getLoadedSchema( schemaName );
        }

        MutableMatchingRule matchingRule = new MutableMatchingRule( oid );

        // The syntax field
        Attribute mSyntax = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_SYNTAX_AT );

        if ( mSyntax != null )
        {
            matchingRule.setSyntaxOid( mSyntax.getString() );
        }

        // The normalizer and comparator fields will be updated when we will
        // apply the registry

        // Common properties
        setSchemaObjectProperties( matchingRule, entry, schema );

        return matchingRule;
    }


    /**
     * Create a list of string from a multivalued attribute's values
     */
    private List<String> getStrings( Attribute attr )
    {
        if ( attr == null )
        {
            return EMPTY_LIST;
        }

        List<String> strings = new ArrayList<>( attr.size() );

        for ( Value<?> value : attr )
        {
            strings.add( value.getString() );
        }

        return strings;
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public ObjectClass getObjectClass( SchemaManager schemaManager, Entry entry, Registries targetRegistries,
        String schemaName ) throws LdapException
    {
        checkEntry( entry, SchemaConstants.OBJECT_CLASS );

        // The ObjectClass OID
        String oid = getOid( entry, SchemaConstants.OBJECT_CLASS, schemaManager.isStrict() );

        // Get the schema
        if ( !schemaManager.isSchemaLoaded( schemaName ) )
        {
            // The schema is not loaded. We can't create the requested ObjectClass
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10024, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg );
        }

        Schema schema = getSchema( schemaName, targetRegistries );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            // The schema is disabled. We still have to update the backend
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10025, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.info( msg );
            schema = schemaManager.getLoadedSchema( schemaName );
        }

        // Create the ObjectClass instance
        MutableObjectClass oc = new MutableObjectClass( oid );

        // The Sup field
        Attribute mSuperiors = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_SUP_OBJECT_CLASS_AT );

        if ( mSuperiors != null )
        {
            oc.setSuperiorOids( getStrings( mSuperiors ) );
        }

        // The May field
        Attribute mMay = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_MAY_AT );

        if ( mMay != null )
        {
            oc.setMayAttributeTypeOids( getStrings( mMay ) );
        }

        // The Must field
        Attribute mMust = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_MUST_AT );

        if ( mMust != null )
        {
            oc.setMustAttributeTypeOids( getStrings( mMust ) );
        }

        // The objectClassType field
        Attribute mTypeObjectClass = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_TYPE_OBJECT_CLASS_AT );

        if ( mTypeObjectClass != null )
        {
            String type = mTypeObjectClass.getString();
            oc.setType( ObjectClassTypeEnum.getClassType( type ) );
        }

        // Common properties
        setSchemaObjectProperties( oc, entry, schema );

        return oc;
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException If the AttributeType does not exist
     * @throws LdapUnwillingToPerformException If the schema is not loaded
     */
    @Override
    public AttributeType getAttributeType( SchemaManager schemaManager, Entry entry, Registries targetRegistries,
        String schemaName ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException, LdapUnwillingToPerformException
    {
        checkEntry( entry, SchemaConstants.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE );

        // The AttributeType OID
        String oid = getOid( entry, SchemaConstants.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE, schemaManager.isStrict() );

        // Get the schema
        if ( !schemaManager.isSchemaLoaded( schemaName ) )
        {
            // The schema is not loaded, this is an error
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10026, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new LdapUnwillingToPerformException( ResultCodeEnum.UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM, msg );
        }

        Schema schema = getSchema( schemaName, targetRegistries );

        if ( schema == null )
        {
            // The schema is disabled. We still have to update the backend
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10027, entry.getDn().getName(), schemaName );
            LOG.info( msg );
            schema = schemaManager.getLoadedSchema( schemaName );
        }

        // Create the new AttributeType
        MutableAttributeType attributeType = new MutableAttributeType( oid );
        
        if ( schemaManager.isRelaxed() )
        {
            attributeType.setRelaxed( true );
        }

        // Syntax
        Attribute mSyntax = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_SYNTAX_AT );

        if ( ( mSyntax != null ) && ( mSyntax.get() != null ) )
        {
            attributeType.setSyntaxOid( mSyntax.getString() );
        }

        // Syntax Length
        Attribute mSyntaxLength = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_LENGTH_AT );

        if ( mSyntaxLength != null )
        {
            attributeType.setSyntaxLength( Integer.parseInt( mSyntaxLength.getString() ) );
        }

        // Equality
        Attribute mEquality = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_EQUALITY_AT );

        if ( mEquality != null )
        {
            attributeType.setEqualityOid( mEquality.getString() );
        }

        // Ordering
        Attribute mOrdering = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_ORDERING_AT );

        if ( mOrdering != null )
        {
            attributeType.setOrderingOid( mOrdering.getString() );
        }

        // Substr
        Attribute mSubstr = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_SUBSTR_AT );

        if ( mSubstr != null )
        {
            attributeType.setSubstringOid( mSubstr.getString() );
        }

        Attribute mSupAttributeType = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_SUP_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_AT );

        // Sup
        if ( mSupAttributeType != null )
        {
            attributeType.setSuperiorOid( mSupAttributeType.getString() );
        }

        // isCollective
        Attribute mCollective = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_COLLECTIVE_AT );

        if ( mCollective != null )
        {
            String val = mCollective.getString();
            attributeType.setCollective( "TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase( val ) );
        }

        // isSingleValued
        Attribute mSingleValued = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_SINGLE_VALUE_AT );

        if ( mSingleValued != null )
        {
            String val = mSingleValued.getString();
            attributeType.setSingleValued( "TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase( val ) );
        }

        // isReadOnly
        Attribute mNoUserModification = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_NO_USER_MODIFICATION_AT );

        if ( mNoUserModification != null )
        {
            String val = mNoUserModification.getString();
            attributeType.setUserModifiable( !"TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase( val ) );
        }

        // Usage
        Attribute mUsage = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_USAGE_AT );

        if ( mUsage != null )
        {
            attributeType.setUsage( UsageEnum.getUsage( mUsage.getString() ) );
        }

        // Common properties
        setSchemaObjectProperties( attributeType, entry, schema );

        return attributeType;
    }


    /**
     * Process the FQCN attribute
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException
     */
    private String getFqcn( Entry entry, String objectType ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException
    {
        // The FQCN
        Attribute mFqcn = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_FQCN_AT );

        if ( mFqcn == null )
        {
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10028, objectType, MetaSchemaConstants.M_FQCN_AT );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( msg );
        }

        return mFqcn.getString();
    }


    /**
     * Process the FQCN attribute
     */
    private String getFqcn( LoadableSchemaObject description, String objectType )
    {
        // The FQCN
        String mFqcn = description.getFqcn();

        if ( mFqcn == null )
        {
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10028, objectType, MetaSchemaConstants.M_FQCN_AT );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( msg );
        }

        return mFqcn;
    }


    /**
     * Process the ByteCode attribute
     */
    private Attribute getByteCode( LoadableSchemaObject description, String objectType )
    {
        String byteCodeString = description.getBytecode();

        if ( byteCodeString == null )
        {
            String msg = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_10028, objectType, MetaSchemaConstants.M_BYTECODE_AT );
            LOG.warn( msg );
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( msg );
        }

        byte[] bytecode = Base64.decode( byteCodeString.toCharArray() );
        
        return new DefaultAttribute( MetaSchemaConstants.M_BYTECODE_AT, bytecode );
    }


    /**
     * Return a String value, from teh given Valu, even if it's a binary value
     */
    private String getStringValue( Attribute attribute )
    {
        Value<?> value = attribute.get();

        if ( value instanceof BinaryValue )
        {
            // We have to transform the value to a String
            return Strings.utf8ToString( value.getBytes() );
        }
        else
        {
            return value.getString();
        }
    }


    /**
     * Process the common attributes to all SchemaObjects :
     *  - obsolete
     *  - description
     *  - names
     *  - schemaName
     *  - specification (if any)
     *  - extensions
     *  - isReadOnly
     *  - isEnabled
     * @throws org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapInvalidAttributeValueException
     */
    private void setSchemaObjectProperties( SchemaObject schemaObject, Entry entry, Schema schema )
        throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException
    {
        // The isObsolete field
        Attribute mObsolete = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_OBSOLETE_AT );

        if ( mObsolete != null )
        {
            String val = mObsolete.getString();
            schemaObject.setObsolete( "TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase( val ) );
        }

        // The description field
        Attribute mDescription = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_DESCRIPTION_AT );

        if ( mDescription != null )
        {
            schemaObject.setDescription( getStringValue( mDescription ) );
        }

        // The names field
        Attribute names = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_NAME_AT );

        if ( names != null )
        {
            List<String> values = new ArrayList<>();

            for ( Value<?> name : names )
            {
                values.add( name.getString() );
            }

            schemaObject.setNames( values );
        }

        // The isEnabled field
        Attribute mDisabled = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_DISABLED_AT );

        // If the SchemaObject has an explicit m-disabled attribute, then use it.
        // Otherwise, inherit it from the schema
        if ( mDisabled != null )
        {
            String val = mDisabled.getString();
            schemaObject.setEnabled( !"TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase( val ) );
        }
        else
        {
            schemaObject.setEnabled( schema.isEnabled() );
        }

        // The specification field
        /*
         * TODO : create the M_SPECIFICATION_AT
        EntryAttribute mSpecification = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.M_SPECIFICATION_AT );
        
        if ( mSpecification != null )
        {
            so.setSpecification( mSpecification.getString() );
        }
        */

        // The schemaName field
        schemaObject.setSchemaName( schema.getSchemaName() );

        // The extensions fields
        // X-SCHEMA
        Attribute xSchema = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.X_SCHEMA_AT );

        if ( xSchema != null )
        {
            String schemaName = xSchema.getString();

            if ( !schema.getSchemaName().equalsIgnoreCase( schemaName ) )
            {
                LOG.warn( "Schema (" + schema.getSchemaName() + ") and X-SCHEMA ("
                    + schemaName + ") are different : " + entry );
            }

            schemaObject.addExtension( MetaSchemaConstants.X_SCHEMA_AT, schemaName );
        }

        // X-NOT-HUMAN-READABLE
        Attribute xNotHumanReadable = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.X_NOT_HUMAN_READABLE_AT );

        if ( xNotHumanReadable != null )
        {
            String value = xNotHumanReadable.getString();

            schemaObject.addExtension( MetaSchemaConstants.X_NOT_HUMAN_READABLE_AT, value );
        }

        // X-READ-ONLY
        Attribute xReadOnly = entry.get( MetaSchemaConstants.X_READ_ONLY_AT );

        if ( xReadOnly != null )
        {
            String value = xReadOnly.getString();

            schemaObject.addExtension( MetaSchemaConstants.X_READ_ONLY_AT, value );
        }
    }


    /**
     * Process the common attributes to all SchemaObjects :
     *  - obsolete
     *  - description
     *  - names
     *  - schemaName
     *  - specification (if any)
     *  - extensions
     *  - isReadOnly
     *  - isEnabled
     */
    private void setSchemaObjectProperties( SchemaObject schemaObject, SchemaObject description, Schema schema )
    {
        // The isObsolete field
        schemaObject.setObsolete( description.isObsolete() );

        // The description field
        schemaObject.setDescription( description.getDescription() );

        // The names field
        schemaObject.setNames( description.getNames() );

        // The isEnabled field. Has the description does not hold a
        // Disable field, we will inherit from the schema enable field
        schemaObject.setEnabled( schema.isEnabled() );

        // The isReadOnly field. We don't have this data in the description,
        // so set it to false
        // TODO : should it be a X-READONLY extension ?
        schemaObject.setReadOnly( false );

        // The specification field
        schemaObject.setSpecification( description.getSpecification() );

        // The schemaName field
        schemaObject.setSchemaName( schema.getSchemaName() );

        // The extensions field
        schemaObject.setExtensions( description.getExtensions() );
    }
}