/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
   *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
   * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
   * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
   * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
   * specific language governing permissions and limitations
   * under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.entry;
  
  
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.ObjectInput;
  import java.io.ObjectOutput;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  
  import org.apache.directory.api.i18n.I18n;
  import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.constants.SchemaConstants;
  import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapException;
  import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;
  import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapInvalidDnException;
  import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.ldif.LdapLdifException;
  import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.ldif.LdifAttributesReader;
  import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.message.ResultCodeEnum;
  import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.name.Dn;
  import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.AttributeType;
  import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.SchemaManager;
  import org.apache.directory.api.util.Base64;
  import org.apache.directory.api.util.Strings;
  import org.slf4j.Logger;
  import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
  
  
  /**
   * A default implementation of a ServerEntry which should suite most
   * use cases.<br>
   * <br>
   * This class is final, it should not be extended.
   *
   * @author <a href="mailto:dev@directory.apache.org">Apache Directory Project</a>
   */
  public final class DefaultEntry implements Entry
  {
      /** Used for serialization */
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 2L;
  
      /** The logger for this class */
      private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger( DefaultEntry.class );
  
      /** The Dn for this entry */
      private Dn dn;
  
      /** A map containing all the attributes for this entry */
      private Map<String, Attribute> attributes = new HashMap<>();
  
      /** A speedup to get the ObjectClass attribute */
      private static AttributeType objectClassAttributeType;
  
      /** The SchemaManager */
      private SchemaManager schemaManager;
  
      /** The computed hashcode. We don't want to compute it each time the hashcode() method is called */
      private volatile int h;
  
      /** A mutex to manage synchronization*/
      private static final Object MUTEX = new Object();
  
  
      //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      // Constructors
      //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      /**
       * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry.
       * <p>
       * This entry <b>must</b> be initialized before being used !
       */
      public DefaultEntry()
      {
          this( ( SchemaManager ) null );
      }
  
  
      /**
      * <p>
      * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry, schema aware.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * No attributes will be created.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param schemaManager The reference to the schemaManager
      */
     public DefaultEntry( SchemaManager schemaManager )
     {
         this.schemaManager = schemaManager;
         dn = Dn.EMPTY_DN;
 
         // Initialize the ObjectClass object
         if ( schemaManager != null )
         {
             initObjectClassAT();
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry, with a Dn.
      *
      * @param dn The String Dn for this serverEntry. Can be null.
      * @throws LdapInvalidDnException If the Dn is invalid
      */
     public DefaultEntry( String dn ) throws LdapInvalidDnException
     {
         this.dn = new Dn( dn );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry, with a Dn.
      *
      * @param dn The Dn for this serverEntry. Can be null.
      */
     public DefaultEntry( Dn dn )
     {
         this.dn = dn;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * <p>
      * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry, schema aware.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * No attributes will be created.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param schemaManager The reference to the schemaManager
      * @param dn The String Dn for this serverEntry. Can be null.
      * @throws LdapInvalidDnException If the Dn is invalid
      */
     public DefaultEntry( SchemaManager schemaManager, String dn ) throws LdapInvalidDnException
     {
         this.schemaManager = schemaManager;
 
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( dn ) )
         {
             this.dn = Dn.EMPTY_DN;
         }
         else
         {
             this.dn = new Dn( dn );
             normalizeDN( this.dn );
         }
 
         // Initialize the ObjectClass object
         initObjectClassAT();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * <p>
      * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry, schema aware.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * No attributes will be created.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param schemaManager The reference to the schemaManager
      * @param dn The Dn for this serverEntry. Can be null.
      */
     public DefaultEntry( SchemaManager schemaManager, Dn dn )
     {
         this.schemaManager = schemaManager;
 
         if ( dn == null )
         {
             this.dn = Dn.EMPTY_DN;
         }
         else
         {
             this.dn = dn;
             normalizeDN( this.dn );
         }
 
         // Initialize the ObjectClass object
         initObjectClassAT();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry, with a
      * Dn and a list of IDs.
      *
      * @param dn The Dn for this serverEntry. Can be null.
      * @param elements The list of attributes to create.
      * @throws LdapException If we weren't able to create a new Entry instance
      */
     public DefaultEntry( String dn, Object... elements ) throws LdapException
     {
         this( null, dn, elements );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry, with a
      * Dn and a list of IDs.
      *
      * @param dn The Dn for this serverEntry. Can be null.
      * @param elements The list of attributes to create.
      * @throws LdapException If we weren't able to create a new Entry instance
      */
     public DefaultEntry( Dn dn, Object... elements ) throws LdapException
     {
         this( null, dn, elements );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry, with a
      * Dn and a list of IDs.
      *
      * @param schemaManager The reference to the schemaManager
      * @param dn The Dn for this serverEntry. Can be null.
      * @param elements The list of attributes to create.
      * @throws LdapException If we weren't able to create a new Entry instance
      */
     public DefaultEntry( SchemaManager schemaManager, String dn, Object... elements ) throws LdapException
     {
         this( schemaManager, new Dn( schemaManager, dn ), elements );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry, with a
      * Dn and a list of IDs.
      *
      * @param schemaManager The reference to the schemaManager
      * @param dn The Dn for this serverEntry. Can be null.
      * @param elements The list of attributes to create.
      * @throws LdapException If we weren't able to create a new Entry instance
      */
     public DefaultEntry( SchemaManager schemaManager, Dn dn, Object... elements ) throws LdapException
     {
         DefaultEntry entry = ( DefaultEntry ) createEntry( schemaManager, elements );
 
         this.dn = dn;
         this.attributes = entry.attributes;
         this.schemaManager = schemaManager;
 
         if ( schemaManager != null )
         {
             this.dn.apply( schemaManager );
             initObjectClassAT();
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * <p>
      * Creates a new instance of DefaultEntry, copying
      * another entry.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * No attributes will be created.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param schemaManager The reference to the schemaManager
      * @param entry the entry to copy
      * @throws LdapException If we weren't able to create a new Entry instance
      */
     public DefaultEntry( SchemaManager schemaManager, Entry entry ) throws LdapException
     {
         this.schemaManager = schemaManager;
 
         // Initialize the ObjectClass object
         initObjectClassAT();
 
         // We will clone the existing entry, because it may be normalized
         if ( entry.getDn() != null )
         {
             dn = entry.getDn();
             normalizeDN( dn );
         }
         else
         {
             dn = Dn.EMPTY_DN;
         }
 
         // Init the attributes map
         attributes = new HashMap<>( entry.size() );
 
         // and copy all the attributes
         for ( Attribute attribute : entry )
         {
             try
             {
                 // First get the AttributeType
                 AttributeType attributeType = attribute.getAttributeType();
 
                 if ( attributeType == null )
                 {
                     attributeType = schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( attribute.getId() );
                 }
 
                 // Create a new ServerAttribute.
                 Attribute serverAttribute = new DefaultAttribute( attributeType, attribute );
 
                 // And store it
                 add( serverAttribute );
             }
             catch ( LdapException ne )
             {
                 // Just log a warning
                 LOG.warn( "The attribute '" + attribute.getId() + "' cannot be stored" );
                 throw ne;
             }
         }
     }
 
 
     //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Helper methods
     //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     private Entry createEntry( SchemaManager schemaManager, Object... elements )
         throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException, LdapLdifException
     {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         int pos = 0;
         boolean valueExpected = false;
 
         for ( Object element : elements )
         {
             if ( !valueExpected )
             {
                 if ( !( element instanceof String ) )
                 {
                     throw new LdapInvalidAttributeValueException( ResultCodeEnum.INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_SYNTAX, I18n.err(
                         I18n.ERR_12085, pos + 1 ) );
                 }
 
                 String attribute = ( String ) element;
                 sb.append( attribute );
 
                 if ( attribute.indexOf( ':' ) != -1 )
                 {
                     sb.append( '\n' );
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     valueExpected = true;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 if ( element instanceof String )
                 {
                     sb.append( ": " ).append( ( String ) element ).append( '\n' );
                 }
                 else if ( element instanceof byte[] )
                 {
                     sb.append( ":: " );
                     sb.append( new String( Base64.encode( ( byte[] ) element ) ) );
                     sb.append( '\n' );
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     throw new LdapInvalidAttributeValueException( ResultCodeEnum.INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_SYNTAX, I18n.err(
                         I18n.ERR_12086, pos + 1 ) );
                 }
 
                 valueExpected = false;
             }
         }
 
         if ( valueExpected )
         {
             throw new LdapInvalidAttributeValueException( ResultCodeEnum.INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_SYNTAX, I18n
                 .err( I18n.ERR_12087 ) );
         }
 
         try ( LdifAttributesReader reader = new LdifAttributesReader() )
         {
             return reader.parseEntry( schemaManager, sb.toString() );
         }
         catch ( IOException e )
         {
             throw new LdapLdifException( "Cannot read an entry" );
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Get the trimmed and lower cased entry ID
      */
     private String getId( String upId )
     {
         String id = Strings.trim( Strings.toLowerCaseAscii( upId ) );
 
         // If empty, throw an error
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( id ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04133 );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         return id;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Get the UpId if it is null.
      * 
      * @param upId The ID
      */
     private String getUpId( String upId, AttributeType attributeType )
     {
         String normUpId = Strings.trim( upId );
 
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             if ( Strings.isEmpty( normUpId ) )
             {
                 String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04458 );
                 LOG.error( message );
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
             }
 
             return upId;
         }
         else if ( Strings.isEmpty( normUpId ) )
         {
             String id = attributeType.getName();
 
             if ( Strings.isEmpty( id ) )
             {
                 id = attributeType.getOid();
             }
 
             return id;
         }
         else
         {
             return upId;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * This method is used to initialize the OBJECT_CLASS_AT attributeType.
      *
      * We want to do it only once, so it's a synchronized method. Note that
      * the alternative would be to call the lookup() every time, but this won't
      * be very efficient, as it will get the AT from a map, which is also
      * synchronized, so here, we have a very minimal cost.
      *
      * We can't do it once as a static part in the body of this class, because
      * the access to the registries is mandatory to get back the AttributeType.
      */
     private void initObjectClassAT()
     {
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             return;
         }
 
         try
         {
             synchronized ( MUTEX )
             {
                 if ( objectClassAttributeType == null )
                 {
                     objectClassAttributeType = schemaManager
                         .lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( SchemaConstants.OBJECT_CLASS_AT );
                 }
             }
         }
         catch ( LdapException ne )
         {
             // do nothing...
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * normalizes the given Dn if it was not already normalized
      *
      * @param dn the Dn to be normalized
      */
     private void normalizeDN( Dn dn )
     {
         if ( !dn.isSchemaAware() )
         {
             try
             {
                 // The dn must be normalized
                 dn.apply( schemaManager );
             }
             catch ( LdapException ne )
             {
                 LOG.warn( "The Dn '{}' cannot be normalized", dn );
             }
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * A helper method to recompute the hash code
      */
     private void rehash()
     {
         h = 37;
         h = h * 17 + dn.hashCode();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Add a new EntryAttribute, with its upId. If the upId is null,
      * default to the AttributeType name.
      *
      * Updates the AttributeMap.
      * @param upId The user provided ID
      * @param attributeType The AttributeType to use
      * @param values The values to inject
      * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException If the creation failed because the AttributeType
      * is not existing, or the values are invalid
      */
     protected void createAttribute( String upId, AttributeType attributeType, byte[]... values )
         throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException
     {
         Attribute attribute = new DefaultAttribute( attributeType, values );
         attribute.setUpId( upId, attributeType );
         attributes.put( attributeType.getOid(), attribute );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Add a new EntryAttribute, with its upId. If the upId is null,
      * default to the AttributeType name.
      *
      * Updates the AttributeMap.
      * @param upId The user provided ID
      * @param attributeType The AttributeType to use
      * @param values The values to inject
      * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException If the creation failed because the AttributeType
      * is not existing, or the values are invalid
      */
     protected void createAttribute( String upId, AttributeType attributeType, String... values )
         throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException
     {
         Attribute attribute = new DefaultAttribute( attributeType, values );
         attribute.setUpId( upId, attributeType );
         attributes.put( attributeType.getOid(), attribute );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Add a new EntryAttribute, with its upId. If the upId is null,
      * default to the AttributeType name.
      *
      * Updates the AttributeMap.
      * @param upId The user provided ID
      * @param attributeType The AttributeType to use
      * @param values The values to inject
      * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException If the creation failed because the AttributeType
      * is not existing, or the values are invalid
      */
     protected void createAttribute( String upId, AttributeType attributeType, Value<?>... values )
         throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException
     {
         Attribute attribute = new DefaultAttribute( attributeType, values );
         attribute.setUpId( upId, attributeType );
         attributes.put( attributeType.getOid(), attribute );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Returns the attributeType from an Attribute ID.
      * 
      * @param upId The user provided ID
      * @return The entry's AttributeType for this ID
      * @throws LdapException If the ID is not found in the entry
      */
     protected AttributeType getAttributeType( String upId ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( Strings.trim( upId ) ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04457_NULL_ATTRIBUTE_ID );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         return schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( upId );
     }
 
 
     //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Entry methods
     //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public Entry add( AttributeType attributeType, byte[]... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04460_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_NULL_NOT_ALLOWED );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         if ( ( values == null ) || ( values.length == 0 ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04478_NO_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         // ObjectClass with binary values are not allowed
         if ( attributeType.equals( objectClassAttributeType ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04461 );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException( message );
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
         if ( attribute != null )
         {
             // This Attribute already exist, we add the values
             // into it
             attribute.add( values );
         }
         else
         {
             // We have to create a new Attribute and set the values.
             // The upId, which is set to null, will be setup by the
             // createAttribute method
             createAttribute( null, attributeType, values );
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Entry add( AttributeType attributeType, String... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04460_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_NULL_NOT_ALLOWED );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
         if ( attribute != null )
         {
             // This Attribute already exist, we add the values
             // into it
             attribute.add( values );
         }
         else
         {
             // We have to create a new Attribute and set the values.
             // The upId, which is set to null, will be setup by the
             // createAttribute method
             createAttribute( null, attributeType, values );
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Entry add( AttributeType attributeType, Value<?>... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04460_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_NULL_NOT_ALLOWED );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
         if ( attribute != null )
         {
             // This Attribute already exist, we add the values
             // into it
             attribute.add( values );
         }
         else
         {
             // We have to create a new Attribute and set the values.
             // The upId, which is set to null, will be setup by the
             // createAttribute method
             createAttribute( null, attributeType, values );
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public Entry add( String upId, AttributeType attributeType, byte[]... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         // ObjectClass with binary values are not allowed
         if ( attributeType.equals( objectClassAttributeType ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04461 );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException( message );
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
         String id = getUpId( upId, attributeType );
 
         if ( attribute != null )
         {
             // This Attribute already exist, we add the values
             // into it
             attribute.add( values );
             attribute.setUpId( id, attributeType );
         }
         else
         {
             // We have to create a new Attribute and set the values
             // and the upId
             createAttribute( id, attributeType, values );
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Entry add( String upId, AttributeType attributeType, Value<?>... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04460_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_NULL_NOT_ALLOWED );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         String id = getUpId( upId, attributeType );
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
         if ( attribute != null )
         {
             // This Attribute already exist, we add the values
             // into it
             attribute.add( values );
             attribute.setUpId( id, attributeType );
         }
         else
         {
             createAttribute( id, attributeType, values );
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Entry add( String upId, AttributeType attributeType, String... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04460_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_NULL_NOT_ALLOWED );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         String id = getUpId( upId, attributeType );
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
         if ( attribute != null )
         {
             // This Attribute already exist, we add the values
             // into it
             attribute.add( values );
             attribute.setUpId( id, attributeType );
         }
         else
         {
             // We have to create a new Attribute and set the values
             // and the upId
             createAttribute( id, attributeType, values );
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Entry add( Attribute... attributes ) throws LdapException
     {
         // Loop on all the added attributes
         for ( Attribute attribute : attributes )
         {
             AttributeType attributeType = attribute.getAttributeType();
 
             if ( attributeType != null )
             {
                 String oid = attributeType.getOid();
 
                 if ( this.attributes.containsKey( oid ) )
                 {
                     // We already have an attribute with the same AttributeType
                     // Just add the new values into it.
                     Attribute existingAttribute = this.attributes.get( oid );
 
                     for ( Value<?> value : attribute )
                     {
                         existingAttribute.add( value );
                     }
 
                     // And update the upId
                     existingAttribute.setUpId( attribute.getUpId() );
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     // The attributeType does not exist, add it
                     this.attributes.put( oid, attribute );
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 // If the attribute already exist, we will add the new values.
                 if ( contains( attribute ) )
                 {
                     Attribute existingAttribute = get( attribute.getId() );
 
                     // Loop on all the values, and add them to the existing attribute
                     for ( Value<?> value : attribute )
                     {
                         existingAttribute.add( value );
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     // Stores the attribute into the entry
                     this.attributes.put( attribute.getId(), attribute );
                 }
             }
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public Entry add( String upId, byte[]... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04457_NULL_ATTRIBUTE_ID );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         // First, transform the upID to a valid ID
         String id = getId( upId );
 
         if ( schemaManager != null )
         {
             add( upId, schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( id ), values );
         }
         else
         {
             // Now, check to see if we already have such an attribute
             Attribute attribute = attributes.get( id );
 
             if ( attribute != null )
             {
                 // This Attribute already exist, we add the values
                 // into it. (If the values already exists, they will
                 // not be added, but this is done in the add() method)
                 attribute.add( values );
                 attribute.setUpId( upId );
             }
             else
             {
                 // We have to create a new Attribute and set the values
                 // and the upId
                 attributes.put( id, new DefaultAttribute( upId, values ) );
             }
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Entry add( String upId, String... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04457_NULL_ATTRIBUTE_ID );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         // First, transform the upID to a valid ID
         String id = getId( upId );
 
         if ( schemaManager != null )
         {
             add( upId, schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( upId ), values );
         }
         else
         {
             // Now, check to see if we already have such an attribute
             Attribute attribute = attributes.get( id );
 
             if ( attribute != null )
             {
                 // This Attribute already exist, we add the values
                 // into it. (If the values already exists, they will
                 // not be added, but this is done in the add() method)
                 attribute.add( values );
                 attribute.setUpId( upId );
             }
             else
             {
                 // We have to create a new Attribute and set the values
                 // and the upId
                 attributes.put( id, new DefaultAttribute( upId, values ) );
             }
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Entry add( String upId, Value<?>... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04457_NULL_ATTRIBUTE_ID );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         // First, transform the upID to a valid ID
         String id = getId( upId );
 
         if ( schemaManager != null )
         {
             add( upId, schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( upId ), values );
         }
         else
         {
             // Now, check to see if we already have such an attribute
             Attribute attribute = attributes.get( id );
 
             if ( attribute != null )
             {
                 // This Attribute already exist, we add the values
                 // into it. (If the values already exists, they will
                 // not be added, but this is done in the add() method)
                 attribute.add( values );
                 attribute.setUpId( upId );
             }
             else
             {
                 // We have to create a new Attribute and set the values
                 // and the upId
                 attributes.put( id, new DefaultAttribute( upId, values ) );
             }
         }
 
         return this;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Clone an entry. All the element are duplicated, so a modification on
      * the original object won't affect the cloned object, as a modification
      * on the cloned object has no impact on the original object
      */
     @Override
     public Entry clone()
     {
         // First, clone the structure
         DefaultEntry clone = ( DefaultEntry ) shallowClone();
 
         // now clone all the attributes
         clone.attributes.clear();
 
         if ( schemaManager != null )
         {
             for ( Attribute attribute : attributes.values() )
             {
                 String oid = attribute.getAttributeType().getOid();
                 clone.attributes.put( oid, attribute.clone() );
             }
         }
         else
         {
             for ( Attribute attribute : attributes.values() )
             {
                 clone.attributes.put( attribute.getId(), attribute.clone() );
             }
 
         }
 
         // We are done !
         return clone;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Shallow clone an entry. We don't clone the Attributes
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     @Override
     public Entry shallowClone()
     {
         try
         {
             // First, clone the structure
             DefaultEntry clone = ( DefaultEntry ) super.clone();
 
             // An Entry has a Dn and many attributes.
             // note that Dn is immutable now
             clone.dn = dn;
 
             // then clone the ClientAttribute Map.
             clone.attributes = ( Map<String, Attribute> ) ( ( ( HashMap<String, Attribute> ) attributes )
                 .clone() );
 
             // We are done !
             return clone;
         }
         catch ( CloneNotSupportedException cnse )
         {
             return null;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean contains( Attribute... attributes )
     {
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             for ( Attribute attribute : attributes )
             {
                 if ( attribute == null )
                 {
                     return this.attributes.size() == 0;
                 }
 
                 if ( !this.attributes.containsKey( attribute.getId() ) )
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
             }
         }
         else
         {
             for ( Attribute entryAttribute : attributes )
             {
                 if ( entryAttribute == null )
                 {
                     return this.attributes.size() == 0;
                 }
 
                 AttributeType attributeType = entryAttribute.getAttributeType();
 
                 if ( ( attributeType == null ) || !this.attributes.containsKey( attributeType.getOid() ) )
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
             }
         }
 
         return true;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean containsAttribute( String... attributes )
     {
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             for ( String attribute : attributes )
             {
                 String id = getId( attribute );
 
                 if ( !this.attributes.containsKey( id ) )
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
             }
 
             return true;
         }
         else
         {
             for ( String attribute : attributes )
             {
                 try
                 {
                     if ( !containsAttribute( schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( attribute ) ) )
                     {
                         return false;
                     }
                 }
                 catch ( LdapException ne )
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
             }
 
             return true;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean containsAttribute( AttributeType attributeType )
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         return attributes.containsKey( attributeType.getOid() );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public boolean contains( AttributeType attributeType, byte[]... values )
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
         if ( attribute != null )
         {
             return attribute.contains( values );
         }
         else
         {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean contains( AttributeType attributeType, String... values )
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
         if ( attribute != null )
         {
             return attribute.contains( values );
         }
         else
         {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean contains( AttributeType attributeType, Value<?>... values )
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
         if ( attribute != null )
         {
             return attribute.contains( values );
         }
         else
         {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public boolean contains( String upId, byte[]... values )
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         String id = getId( upId );
 
         if ( schemaManager != null )
         {
             try
             {
                 return contains( schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( id ), values );
             }
             catch ( LdapException le )
             {
                 return false;
             }
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( id );
 
         if ( attribute == null )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         return attribute.contains( values );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean contains( String upId, String... values )
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         String id = getId( upId );
 
         if ( schemaManager != null )
         {
             try
             {
                 return contains( schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( id ), values );
             }
             catch ( LdapException le )
             {
                 return false;
             }
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( id );
 
         if ( attribute == null )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         return attribute.contains( values );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean contains( String upId, Value<?>... values )
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         String id = getId( upId );
 
         if ( schemaManager != null )
         {
             try
             {
                 return contains( schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( id ), values );
             }
             catch ( LdapException le )
             {
                 return false;
             }
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = attributes.get( id );
 
         if ( attribute == null )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         return attribute.contains( values );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Attribute get( String alias )
     {
         try
         {
             String id = getId( alias );
 
             if ( schemaManager != null )
             {
                 try
                 {
                     AttributeType attributeType = schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( id );
 
                     return attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
                 }
                 catch ( LdapException ne )
                 {
                     String message = ne.getLocalizedMessage();
                     LOG.error( message );
                     return null;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 return attributes.get( id );
             }
         }
         catch ( IllegalArgumentException iea )
         {
             LOG.error( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04134, alias ) );
             return null;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Attribute get( AttributeType attributeType )
     {
         if ( attributeType != null )
         {
             return attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
         }
         else
         {
             return null;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Collection<Attribute> getAttributes()
     {
         return Collections.unmodifiableMap( attributes ).values();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public Attribute put( String upId, byte[]... values )
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04457_NULL_ATTRIBUTE_ID );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             // Get the normalized form of the ID
             String id = getId( upId );
 
             // Create a new attribute
             Attribute clientAttribute = new DefaultAttribute( upId, values );
 
             // Replace the previous one, and return it back
             return attributes.put( id, clientAttribute );
         }
         else
         {
             try
             {
                 return put( upId, getAttributeType( upId ), values );
             }
             catch ( LdapException ne )
             {
                 String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04464, upId, ne.getLocalizedMessage() );
                 LOG.error( message );
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException( message, ne );
             }
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Attribute put( String upId, String... values )
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04457_NULL_ATTRIBUTE_ID );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             // Get the normalized form of the ID
             String id = getId( upId );
 
             // Create a new attribute
             Attribute clientAttribute = new DefaultAttribute( upId, values );
 
             // Replace the previous one, and return it back
             return attributes.put( id, clientAttribute );
         }
         else
         {
             try
             {
                 return put( upId, getAttributeType( upId ), values );
             }
             catch ( LdapException ne )
             {
                 String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04464, upId, ne.getLocalizedMessage() );
                 LOG.error( message );
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException( message, ne );
             }
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Attribute put( String upId, Value<?>... values )
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04457_NULL_ATTRIBUTE_ID );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
         }
 
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             // Get the normalized form of the ID
             String id = getId( upId );
 
             // Create a new attribute
             Attribute clientAttribute = new DefaultAttribute( upId, values );
 
             // Replace the previous one, and return it back
             return attributes.put( id, clientAttribute );
         }
         else
         {
             try
             {
                 return put( upId, getAttributeType( upId ), values );
             }
             catch ( LdapException ne )
             {
                 String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04464, upId, ne.getLocalizedMessage() );
                 LOG.error( message );
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException( message, ne );
             }
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public List<Attribute> put( Attribute... attributes ) throws LdapException
     {
         // First, get the existing attributes
         List<Attribute> previous = new ArrayList<>();
 
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             for ( Attribute attribute : attributes )
             {
                 String id = attribute.getId();
 
                 if ( containsAttribute( id ) )
                 {
                     // Store the attribute and remove it from the list
                     previous.add( get( id ) );
                     this.attributes.remove( id );
                 }
 
                 // add the new one
                 this.attributes.put( id, attribute );
             }
         }
         else
         {
             for ( Attribute attribute : attributes )
             {
                 if ( attribute == null )
                 {
                     String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04462 );
                     LOG.error( message );
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
                 }
 
                 if ( attribute.getAttributeType() == null )
                 {
                     AttributeType attributeType = schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( attribute.getId() );
                     attribute.apply( attributeType );
                 }
 
                 Attribute removed = this.attributes.put( attribute.getAttributeType().getOid(), attribute );
 
                 if ( removed != null )
                 {
                     previous.add( removed );
                 }
             }
         }
 
         // return the previous attributes
         return previous;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public Attribute put( AttributeType attributeType, byte[]... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         return put( null, attributeType, values );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Attribute put( AttributeType attributeType, String... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         return put( null, attributeType, values );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Attribute put( AttributeType attributeType, Value<?>... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         return put( null, attributeType, values );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public Attribute put( String upId, AttributeType attributeType, byte[]... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             try
             {
                 attributeType = getAttributeType( upId );
             }
             catch ( Exception e )
             {
                 String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04477_NO_VALID_AT_FOR_THIS_ID );
                 LOG.error( message );
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException( message, e );
             }
         }
         else
         {
             if ( !Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
             {
                 AttributeType tempAT = getAttributeType( upId );
 
                 if ( !tempAT.equals( attributeType ) )
                 {
                     String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04463, upId, attributeType );
                     LOG.error( message );
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 upId = getUpId( upId, attributeType );
             }
         }
 
         if ( attributeType.equals( objectClassAttributeType ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04461 );
             LOG.error( message );
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException( message );
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = new DefaultAttribute( upId, attributeType, values );
 
         return attributes.put( attributeType.getOid(), attribute );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Attribute put( String upId, AttributeType attributeType, String... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             try
             {
                 attributeType = getAttributeType( upId );
             }
             catch ( Exception e )
             {
                 String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04477_NO_VALID_AT_FOR_THIS_ID );
                 LOG.error( message );
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException( message, e );
             }
         }
         else
         {
             if ( !Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
             {
                 AttributeType tempAT = getAttributeType( upId );
 
                 if ( !tempAT.equals( attributeType ) )
                 {
                     String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04463, upId, attributeType );
                     LOG.error( message );
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 upId = getUpId( upId, attributeType );
             }
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = new DefaultAttribute( upId, attributeType, values );
 
         return attributes.put( attributeType.getOid(), attribute );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public Attribute put( String upId, AttributeType attributeType, Value<?>... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             try
             {
                 attributeType = getAttributeType( upId );
             }
             catch ( Exception e )
             {
                 String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04477_NO_VALID_AT_FOR_THIS_ID );
                 LOG.error( message );
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException( message, e );
             }
         }
         else
         {
             if ( !Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
             {
                 AttributeType tempAT = getAttributeType( upId );
 
                 if ( !tempAT.equals( attributeType ) )
                 {
                     String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04463, upId, attributeType );
                     LOG.error( message );
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 upId = getUpId( upId, attributeType );
             }
         }
 
         Attribute attribute = new DefaultAttribute( upId, attributeType, values );
 
         return attributes.put( attributeType.getOid(), attribute );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public List<Attribute> remove( Attribute... attributes ) throws LdapException
     {
         List<Attribute> removedAttributes = new ArrayList<>();
 
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             for ( Attribute attribute : attributes )
             {
                 if ( containsAttribute( attribute.getId() ) )
                 {
                     this.attributes.remove( attribute.getId() );
                     removedAttributes.add( attribute );
                 }
             }
         }
         else
         {
             for ( Attribute attribute : attributes )
             {
                 AttributeType attributeType = attribute.getAttributeType();
 
                 if ( attributeType == null )
                 {
                     String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04460_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_NULL_NOT_ALLOWED );
                     LOG.error( message );
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException( message );
                 }
 
                 if ( this.attributes.containsKey( attributeType.getOid() ) )
                 {
                     this.attributes.remove( attributeType.getOid() );
                     removedAttributes.add( attribute );
                 }
             }
         }
 
         return removedAttributes;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public boolean remove( AttributeType attributeType, byte[]... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         try
         {
             Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
             if ( attribute == null )
             {
                 // Can't remove values from a not existing attribute !
                 return false;
             }
 
             int nbOldValues = attribute.size();
 
             // Remove the values
             attribute.remove( values );
 
             if ( attribute.size() == 0 )
             {
                 // No mare values, remove the attribute
                 attributes.remove( attributeType.getOid() );
 
                 return true;
             }
 
             return nbOldValues != attribute.size();
         }
         catch ( IllegalArgumentException iae )
         {
             LOG.error( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04465, attributeType ) );
             return false;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean remove( AttributeType attributeType, String... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         try
         {
             Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
             if ( attribute == null )
             {
                 // Can't remove values from a not existing attribute !
                 return false;
             }
 
             int nbOldValues = attribute.size();
 
             // Remove the values
             attribute.remove( values );
 
             if ( attribute.size() == 0 )
             {
                 // No mare values, remove the attribute
                 attributes.remove( attributeType.getOid() );
 
                 return true;
             }
 
             return nbOldValues != attribute.size();
         }
         catch ( IllegalArgumentException iae )
         {
             LOG.error( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04465, attributeType ) );
             return false;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean remove( AttributeType attributeType, Value<?>... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( attributeType == null )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         try
         {
             Attribute attribute = attributes.get( attributeType.getOid() );
 
             if ( attribute == null )
             {
                 // Can't remove values from a not existing attribute !
                 return false;
             }
 
             int nbOldValues = attribute.size();
 
             // Remove the values
             attribute.remove( values );
 
             if ( attribute.size() == 0 )
             {
                 // No mare values, remove the attribute
                 attributes.remove( attributeType.getOid() );
 
                 return true;
             }
 
             return nbOldValues != attribute.size();
         }
         catch ( IllegalArgumentException iae )
         {
             LOG.error( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04465, attributeType ) );
             return false;
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * <p>
      * Removes the attribute with the specified AttributeTypes.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * The removed attribute are returned by this method.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If there is no attribute with the specified AttributeTypes,
      * the return value is <code>null</code>.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param attributes the AttributeTypes to be removed
      */
     @Override
     public void removeAttributes( AttributeType... attributes )
     {
         if ( ( attributes == null ) || ( attributes.length == 0 ) || ( schemaManager == null ) )
         {
             return;
         }
 
         for ( AttributeType attributeType : attributes )
         {
             if ( attributeType == null )
             {
                 continue;
             }
 
             this.attributes.remove( attributeType.getOid() );
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public void removeAttributes( String... attributes )
     {
         if ( attributes.length == 0 )
         {
             return;
         }
 
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             for ( String attribute : attributes )
             {
                 Attribute attr = get( attribute );
 
                 if ( attr != null )
                 {
                     this.attributes.remove( attr.getId() );
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04137, attribute );
                     LOG.warn( message );
                     continue;
                 }
             }
         }
         else
         {
             for ( String attribute : attributes )
             {
                 AttributeType attributeType = null;
 
                 try
                 {
                     attributeType = schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( attribute );
                 }
                 catch ( LdapException ne )
                 {
                     String message = "The attribute '" + attribute + "' does not exist in the entry";
                     LOG.warn( message );
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 this.attributes.remove( attributeType.getOid() );
             }
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * <p>
      * Removes the specified binary values from an attribute.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If at least one value is removed, this method returns <code>true</code>.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If there is no more value after having removed the values, the attribute
      * will be removed too.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If the attribute does not exist, nothing is done and the method returns
      * <code>false</code>
      * </p>
      *
      * @param upId The attribute ID
      * @param values the values to be removed
      * @return <code>true</code> if at least a value is removed, <code>false</code>
      * if not all the values have been removed or if the attribute does not exist.
      */
     public boolean remove( String upId, byte[]... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04457_NULL_ATTRIBUTE_ID );
             LOG.info( message );
             return false;
         }
 
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             String id = getId( upId );
 
             Attribute attribute = get( id );
 
             if ( attribute == null )
             {
                 // Can't remove values from a not existing attribute !
                 return false;
             }
 
             int nbOldValues = attribute.size();
 
             // Remove the values
             attribute.remove( values );
 
             if ( attribute.size() == 0 )
             {
                 // No mare values, remove the attribute
                 attributes.remove( id );
 
                 return true;
             }
 
             return nbOldValues != attribute.size();
         }
         else
         {
             try
             {
                 AttributeType attributeType = getAttributeType( upId );
 
                 return remove( attributeType, values );
             }
             catch ( LdapException ne )
             {
                 LOG.error( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04465, upId ) );
                 return false;
             }
             catch ( IllegalArgumentException iae )
             {
                 LOG.error( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04466, upId ) );
                 return false;
             }
         }
 
     }
 
 
     /**
      * <p>
      * Removes the specified String values from an attribute.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If at least one value is removed, this method returns <code>true</code>.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If there is no more value after having removed the values, the attribute
      * will be removed too.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If the attribute does not exist, nothing is done and the method returns
      * <code>false</code>
      * </p>
      *
      * @param upId The attribute ID
      * @param values the attributes to be removed
      * @return <code>true</code> if at least a value is removed, <code>false</code>
      * if not all the values have been removed or if the attribute does not exist.
      */
     @Override
     public boolean remove( String upId, String... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04457_NULL_ATTRIBUTE_ID );
             LOG.info( message );
             return false;
         }
 
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             String id = getId( upId );
 
             Attribute attribute = get( id );
 
             if ( attribute == null )
             {
                 // Can't remove values from a not existing attribute !
                 return false;
             }
 
             int nbOldValues = attribute.size();
 
             // Remove the values
             attribute.remove( values );
 
             if ( attribute.size() == 0 )
             {
                 // No mare values, remove the attribute
                 attributes.remove( id );
 
                 return true;
             }
 
             return nbOldValues != attribute.size();
         }
         else
         {
             try
             {
                 AttributeType attributeType = getAttributeType( upId );
 
                 return remove( attributeType, values );
             }
             catch ( LdapException ne )
             {
                 LOG.error( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04465, upId ) );
                 return false;
             }
             catch ( IllegalArgumentException iae )
             {
                 LOG.error( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04466, upId ) );
                 return false;
             }
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * <p>
      * Removes the specified values from an attribute.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If at least one value is removed, this method returns <code>true</code>.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If there is no more value after having removed the values, the attribute
      * will be removed too.
      * </p>
      * <p>
      * If the attribute does not exist, nothing is done and the method returns
      * <code>false</code>
      * </p>
      *
      * @param upId The attribute ID
      * @param values the attributes to be removed
      * @return <code>true</code> if at least a value is removed, <code>false</code>
      * if not all the values have been removed or if the attribute does not exist.
      */
     @Override
     public boolean remove( String upId, Value<?>... values ) throws LdapException
     {
         if ( Strings.isEmpty( upId ) )
         {
             String message = I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04457_NULL_ATTRIBUTE_ID );
             LOG.info( message );
             return false;
         }
 
         if ( schemaManager == null )
         {
             String id = getId( upId );
 
             Attribute attribute = get( id );
 
             if ( attribute == null )
             {
                 // Can't remove values from a not existing attribute !
                 return false;
             }
 
             int nbOldValues = attribute.size();
 
             // Remove the values
             attribute.remove( values );
 
             if ( attribute.size() == 0 )
             {
                 // No mare values, remove the attribute
                 attributes.remove( id );
 
                 return true;
             }
 
             return nbOldValues != attribute.size();
         }
         else
         {
             try
             {
                 AttributeType attributeType = getAttributeType( upId );
 
                 return remove( attributeType, values );
             }
             catch ( LdapException ne )
             {
                 LOG.error( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04465, upId ) );
                 return false;
             }
             catch ( IllegalArgumentException iae )
             {
                 LOG.error( I18n.err( I18n.ERR_04466, upId ) );
                 return false;
             }
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Get this entry's Dn.
      *
      * @return The entry's Dn
      */
     @Override
     public Dn getDn()
     {
         return dn;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public void setDn( Dn dn )
     {
         this.dn = dn;
 
         // Rehash the object
         rehash();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public void setDn( String dn ) throws LdapInvalidDnException
     {
         setDn( new Dn( dn ) );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Remove all the attributes for this entry. The Dn is not reset
      */
     @Override
     public void clear()
     {
         attributes.clear();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Returns an enumeration containing the zero or more attributes in the
      * collection. The behavior of the enumeration is not specified if the
      * attribute collection is changed.
      *
      * @return an enumeration of all contained attributes
      */
     @Override
     public Iterator<Attribute> iterator()
     {
         return Collections.unmodifiableMap( attributes ).values().iterator();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Returns the number of attributes.
      *
      * @return the number of attributes
      */
     @Override
     public int size()
     {
         return attributes.size();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * This is the place where we serialize entries, and all theirs
      * elements.
      * <br>
      * The structure used to store the entry is the following :
      * <ul>
      *   <li>
      *     <b>[Dn]</b> : If it's null, stores an empty Dn
      *   </li>
      *   <li>
      *     <b>[attributes number]</b> : the number of attributes.
      *   </li>
      *   <li>
      *     <b>[attribute]*</b> : each attribute, if we have some
      *   </li>
      * </ul>
      * 
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public void writeExternal( ObjectOutput out ) throws IOException
     {
         // First, the Dn
         if ( dn == null )
         {
             // Write an empty Dn
             Dn.EMPTY_DN.writeExternal( out );
         }
         else
         {
             // Write the Dn
             dn.writeExternal( out );
         }
 
         // Then the attributes.
         // Store the attributes' nulber first
         out.writeInt( attributes.size() );
 
         // Iterate through the keys.
         for ( Attribute attribute : attributes.values() )
         {
             // Store the attribute
             attribute.writeExternal( out );
         }
 
         out.flush();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public void readExternal( ObjectInput in ) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
     {
         // Read the Dn
         dn = new Dn( schemaManager );
         dn.readExternal( in );
 
         // Read the number of attributes
         int nbAttributes = in.readInt();
 
         // Read the attributes
         for ( int i = 0; i < nbAttributes; i++ )
         {
             // Read each attribute
             Attribute attribute = new DefaultAttribute();
             attribute.readExternal( in );
 
             if ( schemaManager != null )
             {
                 try
                 {
                     AttributeType attributeType = schemaManager.lookupAttributeTypeRegistry( attribute.getId() );
                     attribute.apply( attributeType );
 
                     attributes.put( attributeType.getOid(), attribute );
                 }
                 catch ( LdapException le )
                 {
                     String message = le.getLocalizedMessage();
                     LOG.error( message );
                     throw new IOException( message, le );
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 attributes.put( attribute.getId(), attribute );
             }
         }
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Get the hash code of this ClientEntry. The Attributes will be sorted
      * before the comparison can be done.
      *
      * @see java.lang.Object#hashCode()
      * @return the instance's hash code
      */
     @Override
     public int hashCode()
     {
         if ( h == 0 )
         {
             rehash();
         }
 
         return h;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean hasObjectClass( String... objectClasses )
     {
         if ( ( objectClasses == null ) || ( objectClasses.length == 0 ) || ( objectClasses[0] == null ) )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         for ( String objectClass : objectClasses )
         {
             if ( schemaManager != null )
             {
                 if ( !contains( objectClassAttributeType, objectClass ) )
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 if ( !contains( "objectclass", objectClass ) )
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
             }
         }
 
         return true;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean hasObjectClass( Attribute... objectClasses )
     {
         if ( ( objectClasses == null ) || ( objectClasses.length == 0 ) || ( objectClasses[0] == null ) )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         for ( Attribute objectClass : objectClasses )
         {
             // We have to check that we are checking the ObjectClass attributeType
             if ( !objectClass.getAttributeType().equals( objectClassAttributeType ) )
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
             Attribute attribute = attributes.get( objectClassAttributeType.getOid() );
 
             if ( attribute == null )
             {
                 // The entry does not have an ObjectClass attribute
                 return false;
             }
 
             for ( Value<?> value : objectClass )
             {
                 // Loop on all the values, and check if they are present
                 if ( !attribute.contains( value.getString() ) )
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
             }
         }
 
         return true;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public boolean isSchemaAware()
     {
         return schemaManager != null;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * @see Object#equals(Object)
      */
     @Override
     public boolean equals( Object o )
     {
         // Short circuit
         if ( this == o )
         {
             return true;
         }
 
         if ( !( o instanceof Entry ) )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         Entry other = ( Entry ) o;
 
         // Both Dn must be equal
         if ( dn == null )
         {
             if ( other.getDn() != null )
             {
                 return false;
             }
         }
         else
         {
             if ( !dn.equals( other.getDn() ) )
             {
                 return false;
             }
         }
 
         // They must have the same number of attributes
         if ( size() != other.size() )
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         // Each attribute must be equal
         for ( Attribute attribute : other )
         {
             if ( !attribute.equals( this.get( attribute.getId() ) ) )
             {
                 return false;
             }
         }
 
         return true;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * @see Object#toString()
      */
     @Override
     public String toString()
     {
         return toString( "" );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public String toString( String tabs )
     {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 
         sb.append( tabs ).append( "Entry\n" );
         sb.append( tabs ).append( "    dn" );
 
         if ( dn.isSchemaAware() )
         {
             sb.append( "[n]" );
         }
 
         sb.append( ": " );
         sb.append( dn.getName() );
         sb.append( '\n' );
 
         // First dump the ObjectClass attribute
         if ( schemaManager != null )
         {
             // First dump the ObjectClass attribute
             if ( containsAttribute( objectClassAttributeType.getOid() ) )
             {
                 Attribute objectClass = get( objectClassAttributeType );
 
                 sb.append( objectClass.toString( tabs + "    " ) );
             }
         }
         else
         {
             if ( containsAttribute( "objectClass" ) )
             {
                 Attribute objectClass = get( "objectclass" );
 
                 sb.append( objectClass.toString( tabs + "    " ) );
             }
         }
 
         sb.append( '\n' );
 
         if ( attributes.size() != 0 )
         {
             for ( Attribute attribute : attributes.values() )
             {
                 String id = attribute.getId();
 
                 if ( schemaManager != null )
                 {
                     AttributeType attributeType = schemaManager.getAttributeType( id );
 
                     if ( attributeType == null )
                     {
                         sb.append( tabs ).append( "id: " ).append( id );
                     }
                     else if ( !attributeType.equals( objectClassAttributeType ) )
                     {
                         sb.append( attribute.toString( tabs + "    " ) );
                         sb.append( '\n' );
                         continue;
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     if ( !id.equalsIgnoreCase( SchemaConstants.OBJECT_CLASS_AT )
                         && !id.equals( SchemaConstants.OBJECT_CLASS_AT_OID ) )
                     {
                         sb.append( attribute.toString( tabs + "    " ) );
                         sb.append( '\n' );
                         continue;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         return sb.toString();
     }
 }